Gefilte Fish
Classic Ashkenazi ground fish patties poached in a savory broth, served chilled with horseradish — a traditional seder appetizer.
📜 History & Significance
Gefilte fish (Yiddish for 'stuffed fish') was originally stuffed back into the fish skin before cooking. Over time, it evolved into poached patties. It became a Shabbat and holiday tradition partly because eating boneless fish patties avoids the prohibition of borer (separating) bones from food on Shabbat. Polish Jews preferred it sweet; Lithuanian Jews preferred peppery — a divide that persists today.
🥘 Ingredients
- • 2 lbs mixed white fish fillets (whitefish, pike, carp), deboned
- • 2 large onions (1 ground with fish, 1 sliced for broth)
- • 2 large eggs
- • 2 tbsp matzah meal
- • 2 tbsp cold water
- • 1 tbsp sugar (more for Polish-style)
- • 1½ tsp salt
- • ½ tsp white pepper
- • 2 carrots, sliced into rounds
- • Fish bones and heads (for broth, optional)
- • Prepared horseradish for serving
👩🍳 Instructions
- 1Prepare the broth: place fish bones (if using), 1 sliced onion, carrots, salt, and pepper in a large wide pot. Add water to fill ¾ of the pot. Bring to a boil, then reduce to a gentle simmer for 20 minutes.
- 2Grind or finely chop the fish fillets and 1 onion in a food processor (pulse — don't puree).
- 3Transfer to a bowl. Add eggs, matzah meal, cold water, sugar, salt, and pepper. Mix well. The mixture should hold together when shaped.
- 4Wet your hands. Form the mixture into oval patties about 3 inches long.
- 5Gently lower patties into the simmering broth. The liquid should just cover them — add water if needed.
- 6Cover partially and simmer on very low heat for 1–1.5 hours. Do not boil vigorously.
- 7Let cool in the broth. Transfer patties and carrot rounds to a platter. Strain broth over the fish (it will gel when cold).
- 8Refrigerate until completely cold and set — at least 4 hours or overnight. Serve chilled with a slice of carrot on top and prepared horseradish on the side.
🔄 Variations
Baked Gefilte Fish Loaf
Shape the mixture into a loaf, place in a greased pan with sliced onions and carrots, and bake at 350°F for 1 hour.
Salmon Gefilte Fish
Replace half the white fish with fresh salmon for a pink-hued, richer version.
Tricolor Gefilte Fish
Make three batches (white fish, salmon, spinach-tinted) and layer in a terrine for an elegant presentation.
💡 Tips
- Ask your fish monger to grind the fish for you — it saves significant prep time.
- The broth should barely simmer, not boil — boiling makes the fish tough.
- Polish-style: add more sugar. Lithuanian-style: add more pepper. Both are correct!
- Gefilte fish is always better made a day ahead — the flavors meld and the broth gels beautifully.
Traditional Ashkenazi recipe
PassoverGuide.com