Countdown to Passover·April 21, 2027·15 Nisan
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    Gefilte Fish

    Classic Ashkenazi ground fish patties poached in a savory broth, served chilled with horseradish — a traditional seder appetizer.

    Back to All Passover Recipes
    Gluten-free
    Prep: 30 min Cook: 1.5 hours Total: 2 hours 12 servings

    📜 History & Significance

    Gefilte fish (Yiddish for 'stuffed fish') was originally stuffed back into the fish skin before cooking. Over time, it evolved into poached patties. It became a Shabbat and holiday tradition partly because eating boneless fish patties avoids the prohibition of borer (separating) bones from food on Shabbat. Polish Jews preferred it sweet; Lithuanian Jews preferred peppery — a divide that persists today.

    🥘 Ingredients

    • • 2 lbs mixed white fish fillets (whitefish, pike, carp), deboned
    • • 2 large onions (1 ground with fish, 1 sliced for broth)
    • • 2 large eggs
    • • 2 tbsp matzah meal
    • • 2 tbsp cold water
    • • 1 tbsp sugar (more for Polish-style)
    • • 1½ tsp salt
    • • ½ tsp white pepper
    • • 2 carrots, sliced into rounds
    • • Fish bones and heads (for broth, optional)
    • • Prepared horseradish for serving

    👩‍🍳 Instructions

    1. 1Prepare the broth: place fish bones (if using), 1 sliced onion, carrots, salt, and pepper in a large wide pot. Add water to fill ¾ of the pot. Bring to a boil, then reduce to a gentle simmer for 20 minutes.
    2. 2Grind or finely chop the fish fillets and 1 onion in a food processor (pulse — don't puree).
    3. 3Transfer to a bowl. Add eggs, matzah meal, cold water, sugar, salt, and pepper. Mix well. The mixture should hold together when shaped.
    4. 4Wet your hands. Form the mixture into oval patties about 3 inches long.
    5. 5Gently lower patties into the simmering broth. The liquid should just cover them — add water if needed.
    6. 6Cover partially and simmer on very low heat for 1–1.5 hours. Do not boil vigorously.
    7. 7Let cool in the broth. Transfer patties and carrot rounds to a platter. Strain broth over the fish (it will gel when cold).
    8. 8Refrigerate until completely cold and set — at least 4 hours or overnight. Serve chilled with a slice of carrot on top and prepared horseradish on the side.

    🔄 Variations

    Baked Gefilte Fish Loaf

    Shape the mixture into a loaf, place in a greased pan with sliced onions and carrots, and bake at 350°F for 1 hour.

    Salmon Gefilte Fish

    Replace half the white fish with fresh salmon for a pink-hued, richer version.

    Tricolor Gefilte Fish

    Make three batches (white fish, salmon, spinach-tinted) and layer in a terrine for an elegant presentation.

    💡 Tips

    • Ask your fish monger to grind the fish for you — it saves significant prep time.
    • The broth should barely simmer, not boil — boiling makes the fish tough.
    • Polish-style: add more sugar. Lithuanian-style: add more pepper. Both are correct!
    • Gefilte fish is always better made a day ahead — the flavors meld and the broth gels beautifully.

    Traditional Ashkenazi recipe

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